9 Scurr, J., Brown, N., Smith, J., Brasher, A., Risius, D., & Marczyk, A. (2016). The influence of the breast on sport and exercise participation in schoolgirls in the UK. Journal of Adolescent Health. 58(2), 167-173
www.who.int/about/governance/Constitution
Chapter 1 / Breasts are for...
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14 ZAVA (online doctor provider): adapted from: https://www.zavamed.com/uk/does-breast-size-matter.html.
15 Evolution and Human Behaviour, Volume 38, Issue 2, March 2017, Pages 217-226
19 www.asa.org.uk/rulings/adidas-uk-ltd-g22-1145614-adidas-uk-ltd.html
Chapter 2 / Anatomy and everyday maintenance
28 StatPearls Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.
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30 pedsendo.org/patient-resource/premature-thelarche/
31 www.healthline.com/health/breast-asymmetry 32 Sanuki J ichi, Fukuma E, Uchida Y. Morphologic study of nipple-areola complex in 600 breasts. Aesth Plast Surg. 2009;33(3):295-297. doi: 10.1007/s00266=088-9194-y.
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37 Nagaraja Rao D, Winters R. Inverted nipple. StatPearls.
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39 cewuk.co.uk/estee-lauder-companies-marks-30th-anniversary-of-breast-cancer-campaign 40-43 www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/womens-health/how-should-i-check-my-breasts/
43 ascopost.com/issues/january-25-2019/risk-of-local-recurrence-in-breast-cancer/
breastcancernow.org/information-support/check-your-breasts/learn-signs-breast-cancer
Chapter 3 / During puberty
46 www.nhs.uk/conditions/early-or-delayed-puberty/
47 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470280/ 48-49 Caouette-
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49 Wolfswinkel EM, Lemaine V, Weathers WM, Chike-Obi CJ, Xue AS, Heller L. Hyperplastic breast anomalies in the female adolescent breast. Semin Plast Surg. 2013 Feb;27(1):49-55. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1347167.
52 McGhee DE, Steele JR. Optimising breast support in female patients through correct bra fit. A cross-sectional study. J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Nov;13(6):568-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.03.003.
61 White, J., & Scurr, J. (2012). Evaluation of professional bra fitting criteria for bra selection and fitting in the UK. Ergonomics, 55(6), 704-711. doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2011.647096
Chapter 4 / After puberty
74 Coltman CE, Steele JR, McGhee DE. Does breast size affect how women participate in physical activity? J Sci Med Sport. 2019 Mar;22(3):324-329. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.226.
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Scurr JC, White JL, Hedger W. Supported and unsupported breast displacement in three dimensions across treadmill activity levels. J Sports Sci. 2011 Jan;29(1):55-61. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.521944.
Bridgman C, Scurr J, White J, Hedger W, Galbraith H. Three-dimensional kinematics of the breast during a two-step star jump. J Appl Biomech. 2010 Nov;26(4):465-72. doi: 10.1123/jab.26.4.465.
76 Scurr J, Brown N, Smith J, Brasher A, Risius D, Marczyk A. The Influence of the Breast on Sport and Exercise Participation in School Girls in the United Kingdom. J Adolesc Health. 2016 Feb;58(2):167-73. doi: 10.1016/j.Jadohealth.2015.10.005.
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77 McGhee DE, Steele JR. Biomechanics of Breast Support for Active Women. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2020 Jul 1;48(3):99-109. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32271181/
McGhee DE, Steele JR. Breast elevation and compression decrease exercise-induced breast discomfort. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Jul;42(7):1333-8. Doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ca7fd8.
80 Coltman, C.E., McGhee, D.E. & Steele, J.R. Bra strap orientations and designs to minimise bra strap discomfort and pressure during sport and exercise in women with large breasts. Sports Med - Open 1, 21 (2015). Doi. org/10.1186/s40798-015-0014-z
81 A. Dhivya, V. P. R. P. ,S. S. (2016). Design and Development of Sports Intimate Apparel - A Review. SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSTHE, 3(1). ijosthe.com/index.php/ojssports/article/view/52
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82 Peitzmeier S, Gardner I, Weinand J, Corbet A, Acevedo K. Health impact of chest binding among transgender adults: a community-engaged, cross-sectional study. Cult Health Sex. 2017 Jan;19(1):64-75. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2016.1191675.
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Brooke A. Jarrett, et al. Chest Binding and Care Seeking Among Transmasculine Adults. Transgender Health. Dec. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298447/
83 patient.info/news-and-features/how-to-bind-your-chest-safely
84 www.healthline.com/health/body-modification/nipple-piercing-aftercare
85 www.painfulpleasures.com/community/blog/client/nipple-piercing-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/
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Chapter 5 / Pregnancy and breastfeeding
88–97 Motosko CC, Bieber AK, Pomeranz MK, Stein JA, Martires KJ. Physiologic changes of pregnancy: A review of the literature. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2017 Oct 21;3(4):219-224. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.09.003.
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sthk.nhs.uk/media/.leaflets/611a81f02798b8.27597630.pdf 90 Geraghty LN, Pomeranz MK. Physiologic changes and dermatoses of pregnancy. Int J Dermatol. 2011 Jul;50(7):771-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04869.x.
93 www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding
95 Jaclyn Pillay & Tammy J. Davis. Physiology, Lactation. National Library of Medicine. July 2022
98 www.forbes.com/health/family/unable-to-breastfeed/
100-101 www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/
106 Boi B, Koh S, Gail D. The effectiveness of cabbage leaf application (treatment) on pain and hardness in breast engorgement and its effect on the duration of breastfeeding. JBI Libr Syst Rev. 2012;10(20):1185-1213. doi: 10.11124/01938924-201210200-00001
110 Wilson E, Woodd SL, Benova L; Incidence of and Risk Factors for Lactational Mastitis: A Systematic Review. J Hum Lact. 2020 Nov36(4):673-686. Doi: 10.1177/0890334420907898. Lisa H. Amir, et al. Volume
111 Issue 12 Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Nov 2004, doi. org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00272.x
Chapter 6 / Menopause and beyond
117 Martinez AA, & Chung S. Breast Ptosis. National Library of Medicine. Jan 2022
119 www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/pdf/Breast-cancer-screening-guidelines
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120 paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/2015/WHO-ENG-Mammography-Factsheet.pdf
121 digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/breast-screening-programme/england---2019-20
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123 www.gov.uk/government/publications/breast-screening-helping-women-decide
124 progressreport.cancer.gov/detection/breast_cancer
125 Bond M, Pavey T, Welch K, Cooper C, Garside R, Dean S, Hyde C. Systematic review of the psychological consequences of false-positive screening mammograms. Health Technol Assess. 2013 Mar;17(13):1-170, v-vi. doi: 10.3310/hta17130
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Chapter 7 / When things go wrong
128 Goyal A. Breast pain. The British Medical Journal, Clin Evid. Oct 2014 Goyal A. Breast pain. BMJ Clin Evid. 2014 Oct 14;2014:0812. PMCID: PMC4200534.
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129 Vaziri F, et al. Comparing the effects of dietary flaxseed and omega-3 Fatty acids supplement on cyclical mastalgia in Iranian women: a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Family Medicine. Aug 2014 doi: 10.1155/2014/174532.
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136 www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-symptoms/what-is-an-urgent-referral
137 www.gov.uk/government/publications/breast-screening-helping-women-decide/nhs-breast-screening-helping-you-decide
139 Malherbe K, Khan M, Fatima S. Fibrocystic Breast Disease. National Library of Medicine. Oct 2021
Ajmal M, Khan M, Van Fossen K. Breast Fibroadenoma. Breast Fibroadenoma. National Library of Medicine. Apr 2022.
Chapter 8 / Breast cancer
145 Apostolou P, Fostira F. Hereditary breast cancer: the era of new susceptibility genes. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:747318. doi: 10.1155/2013/747318.
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146 www.komen.org/breast-cancer/screening/screening-disparities
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146 Suther, S., Kiros, GE. Barriers to the use of genetic testing: A study of racial and ethnic disparities. Genet Med 11, 655–662 (2009). doi.org/10.1097/ GIM.0b013e3181ab22aa
148 Gonçalves AK et al. Effects of physical activity on breast cancer prevention: a systematic review. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Feb 2014
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149 Data from Cancer Research UK
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150 Thebms.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/12-BMS-Tfc-Fast-Facts-HRT-and-Breast-Cancer-Risk-01D.pdf
152 www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permitted-use-food-united-states
153 Boutas I, et al. Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis. In vivo. Mar 2022. PMID: 35241506
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155 www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet
156 Warner E et al. Prevalence and penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in unselected Ashkenazi Jewish women with breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. July 1999 doi: 10.1093/jnci/91.14.1241.
158 www.breastcanceruk.org.uk/breast-cancer-in-men/
161 Office for National Statistics, Cancer survival by stage at diagnosis for England, 2019.
164 www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/getting-diagnosed/tests-diagnose/hormone-receptor-testing-breast-cancer
165 Onitilo AA, Engel JM, Stankowski RV, Doi SA. Survival Comparisons for Breast Conserving Surgery and Mastectomy Revisited: Community Experience and the Role of Radiation Therapy. Clin Med Res. 2015 Jun;13(2):65-73. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2014.1245.
170 Jennifer A. et al, Exercise, Diet, and Weight Management During Cancer Treatment: ASCO Guideline, Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 22 (August 01, 2022), DOI: 10.1200/JCO.22.00687
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171 breastcancernow.org/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/bcc6_exercises_booklet_2019_web.pdf
177 Fleissig A, Fallowfield LJ, Langridge CI, Johnson L, Newcombe RG, Dixon JM, Kissin M, Mansel RE. Post-operative arm morbidity and quality of life. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006 Feb;95(3):279-93. doi: 10.1007/s10549-005-9025-7.
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178 Couceiro TC, Valença MM, Raposo MC, Orange FA, Amorim MM. Prevalence of post-mastectomy pain syndrome and associated risk factors: a cross-sectional cohort study. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014 Dec;15(4):731-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2013.07.011.
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179 www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/recurrence/survival-and-risk-of-recurrence/
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181 www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/
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Chapter 9 / Cosmetic surgery
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188 www.bapras.org.uk/docs/default-source/Patient-Information-Booklets/rcs_
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Headon H et.al. Capsular Contracture after Breast Augmentation: An Update for Clinical Practice. Arch Plast Surg. 2015 Sep;42(5):532-43. doi: 10.5999/aps.2015.42.5.532.
189 www.nhs.uk/conditions/pip-implants/
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196 Epilogue
Gehlsen G, & Albohm M. Evaluation of sports bras. The Physician and Sports Medicine. Oct 1980 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29261415/